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Paulding-class destroyer

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USS Paulding at Queenstown, Ireland in 1918
Class overview
NamePaulding class
BuildersVarious
Operators
Preceded bySmith class
Succeeded byCassin class
SubclassesMonaghan
Built1908–1912
In commission1910–1931
Completed21
Retired21
General characteristics
TypeDestroyer
Displacement
  • 742 long tons (754 t) (normal)
  • 887 long tons (901 t) (full load)
Length293 ft 0 in (89.31 m) overall
Beam26 ft 3 in (8.00 m)
Draft8 ft 0 in (2.44 m)
Installed power
Propulsion3 × shafts
Speed29.5 kn (54.6 km/h; 33.9 mph) (design)
Range3,000 nmi (5,600 km; 3,500 mi) at 16 kn (30 km/h; 18 mph)
Capacity241 long tons (245 t) oil (fuel)
Complement
  • 4 officers
  • 82 enlisted
Armament

The Paulding-class destroyers were a series of United States Navy destroyers derived from the Smith class with the torpedo tubes increased from three to six via twin mounts. They were the first destroyers in the US Navy with oil-fired boilers. The 21 Pauldings doubled the number of destroyers in the US Navy. The Paulding class derived its name from the class's lead ship, Paulding, named for Rear Admiral Hiram Paulding (1797–1878). Like the Smiths, they were nicknamed "flivvers" after the small and shaky Model T Ford once the larger "thousand tonner" destroyers entered service.

Authorisation

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The Act of 13 May 1908 made provision for "...Ten torpedo-boat destroyers, to have the highest practicable speed, and to cost, exclusive of armament, not to exceed eight hundred thousand dollars each, to be built by contract, not more than three by any one contractor...." The Act of 3 March 1909 made provision for "...Five torpedo-boat destroyers, to have the highest practicable speed, and to cost, exclusive of armament, not to exceed eight hundred thousand dollars each...." The Act of 24 June 1910 made provision for "...Six torpedo-boat destroyers, to have the highest practicable speed, and to cost in all not to exceed seven hundred and fifty thousand dollars each, and toward the construction of said torpedo-boat destroyers the sum of two million two hundred and twenty-five thousand dollars is hereby appropriated...."

Generally 21 ships, hull numbers 22 through 42, are considered Pauldings. However, some references list hull numbers 32 through 42 as the Monaghan class.[1] Others break out hulls 24–28, 30, 31, 33 and 36 as Roe class, with hulls 32, 35, and 38–42 as Monaghan class. Curiously, Jane's Fighting Ships of World War I refers to hulls 22–42 as the 21 [ships of the] Drayton class, going on to say "Unofficially known as 'Flivver Type'"; the book includes Paulding in the class listing, but not as the class leader.[2]

Design

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Armament

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The torpedo armament was six 18-inch (450 mm) torpedo tubes in three twin mounts. This was an easy upgrade from the three single tubes with reloads of the Smith class, as the new design twin mounts actually weighed less than the older single mounts.[3] The gun armament was the same as the Smith class, with five 3-inch (76 mm)/50 caliber guns.[4] During World War I, one or two depth charge tracks were equipped for the convoy escort mission.[5]

Engineering

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There was some variation in engineering among the ships of this class. The most visible was that hulls 24–27, 30–32, 34, 36, 37, 39, and 40 had three stacks instead of four, with the middle stack being larger as two boiler uptakes were trunked together in it.[3] Most of the ships' direct drive turbines were arranged as in the Smith class on three shafts, with a high-pressure center turbine exhausting to two low-pressure turbines on the outboard shafts. Cruising turbines were also fitted on the outboard shafts in these ships to improve fuel economy at low speeds. However, hulls 26–27, 30–31, and 34 had two turbines on two shafts (Zoelly or Curtis), with cruising stages included in the turbine casings.[3]

This was the first USN destroyer class with oil-fired boilers. Compared with the Smith class, the Pauldings had 12,000 shaft horsepower (8,900 kW) instead of 10,000 shp (7,500 kW), making them about a knot faster. From DD-32 on, most references state that Thornycroft boilers instead of Normand were equipped.[1] However, the Navy's official Ships' Data Book for 1911 shows that other types of boilers were used as well, including Yarrow and White-Forster.[6]

Paulding made 32.8 knots (60.7 km/h; 37.7 mph) on trials at 17,393 shp (12,970 kW). Normal fuel oil capacity was 241 tons with a design range of 3,000 nautical miles (5,600 km; 3,500 mi) at 16 knots (30 km/h; 18 mph).[3]

Service

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The Pauldings were commissioned in 1910–1912 and were active throughout World War I, primarily as convoy escorts in the Atlantic. They were equipped with one or two depth charge tracks for this mission.[5] All served in the United States Navy; twelve were transferred to the United States Coast Guard 1924–30 for the Rum Patrol; and all were scrapped 1934–35 to comply with the London Naval Treaty.[1]

Ships in class

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Ships of Paulding destroyer class[7][8]
Name Hull no. Shipyard Laid down Launched Commissioned Decommissioned Fate
Paulding DD-22 Bath Iron Works, Bath, Maine 24 July 1909 12 April 1910 29 September 1910 August 1919 USCG 1924–30, scrapped 1934
Drayton DD-23 Bath Iron Works 19 August 1909 22 August 1910 29 October 1910 17 November 1919 Scrapped 1935
Roe DD-24 Newport News Shipbuilding, Newport News, Virginia 19 January 1909 24 July 1909 17 September 1910 December 1919 USCG 1924–30, scrapped 1934
Terry DD-25 Newport News Shipbuilding 8 February 1909 21 August 1909 18 October 1910 13 November 1919 USCG 1924–30, scrapped 1934
Perkins DD-26 Fore River Ship and Engine, Quincy, Massachusetts 22 March 1909 9 April 1910 18 November 1910 5 December 1919 Scrapped 1935
Sterett DD-27 Fore River Ship and Engine 22 March 1909 12 May 1910 15 December 1910 9 December 1919 Scrapped 1935
McCall DD-28 New York Shipbuilding, Camden, New Jersey 8 June 1909 4 June 1910 23 January 1911 12 December 1919 USCG 1924–30, scrapped 1934
Burrows DD-29 New York Shipbuilding 19 June 1909 23 June 1910 21 February 1911 12 December 1919 USCG 1925–31, scrapped 1934
Warrington DD-30 William Cramp & Sons, Philadelphia 21 June 1909 18 June 1910 20 March 1911 31 January 1920 Scrapped 1935
Mayrant DD-31 William Cramp & Sons 22 April 1909 23 April 1910 12 July 1911 12 December 1919 Scrapped 1935
Monaghan DD-32 Newport News Shipbuilding 1 June 1910 18 February 1911 21 June 1911 4 November 1919 USCG 1924–31, scrapped 1934
Trippe DD-33 Bath Iron Works 12 April 1910 20 December 1910 23 March 1911 6 November 1919 USCG 1924–31, scrapped 1934
Walke DD-34 Fore River Ship and Engine 5 March 1910 3 November 1910 22 July 1911 12 December 1919 Scrapped 1935
Ammen DD-35 New York Shipbuilding 29 March 1910 20 September 1910 23 May 1911 11 December 1919 USCG 1924–31, scrapped 1934
Patterson DD-36 William Cramp & Sons 29 March 1910 29 April 1911 11 October 1911 1 January 1919 USCG 1924–30, scrapped 1934
Fanning DD-37 Newport News Shipbuilding 29 April 1911 11 January 1912 21 June 1912 24 November 1919 USCG 1924–30, scrapped 1934
Jarvis DD-38 New York Shipbuilding 1 July 1911 4 April 1912 22 October 1912 26 November 1919 Scrapped 1935
Henley DD-39 Fore River Ship and Engine 17 July 1911 3 April 1912 6 December 1912 12 December 1919 USCG 1924–31, scrapped 1934
Beale DD-40 William Cramp & Sons 8 May 1911 30 April 1912 30 August 1912 25 October 1919 USCG 1924–30, scrapped 1934
Jouett DD-41 Bath Iron Works 7 March 1911 15 April 1912 24 May 1912 24 November 1919 USCG 1924–31, scrapped 1935
Jenkins DD-42 Bath Iron Works 24 March 1911 29 April 1912 15 June 1912 31 October 1919 Scrapped 1935
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  • Henley in dazzle camouflage
    Henley in dazzle camouflage
  • Perkins with three stack design
    Perkins with three stack design
  • Trippe with four stacks
    Trippe with four stacks

See also

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Paulding class destroyers.

References

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  1. ^ a b c Gardiner and Gray, p. 122
  2. ^ Jane's Fighting Ships of World War I, p. 147
  3. ^ a b c d Friedman, pp. 26–27, 455–457
  4. ^ DiGiulian, Tony, early 3"/50 USN guns at NavWeaps.com
  5. ^ a b Friedman, p. 68
  6. ^ "Ships' Data, U.S. Naval Vessels, 1911". US Navy Department. 1912. pp. 130–147. Retrieved 8 February 2016.
  7. ^ DestroyerHistory.org Paulding class destroyer
  8. ^ Bauer and Roberts, pp. 169–170

Bibliography

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