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Overview of the events of 1831 in science
The year 1831 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
A. A. Bussy publishes his Mémoire sur le Radical métallique de la Magnésie describing his method of isolating magnesium .The Kaliapparat , a laboratory device for the analysis of carbon in organic compounds, is invented by Justus von Liebig . May 16 – Middlesex County Asylum for pauper lunatics opens at Hanwell near London under the humane superintendence of William Charles Ellis .
Dr C. Turner Thackrah publishes The Effects of the Principal Arts, Trades, and Professions, and of Civic States and Habits of Living, on Health and Longevity, with a particular reference to the trades and manufactures of Leeds, and suggestions for the removal of many of the agents which produce disease and shorten the duration of life , a pioneering study of occupational and public health in a newly industrialised English city.[ 4] Henry Witham publishes Observations on fossil vegetables, accompanied by representations of their internal structure, as seen through the microscope in Edinburgh .January 20 – Edward Routh (died 1907 ), Canadian-born English mathematician .
January 26 – Heinrich Anton de Bary (died 1888 ), German surgeon , botanist , microbiologist and mycologist .
February 28 – Edward James Stone (died 1897 ), English astronomer .
March 3 – George Pullman (died 1897 ), American inventor .
May 16 – David E. Hughes (died 1900 ), British inventor.
June 13 – James Clerk Maxwell (died 1879 ), Scottish-born mathematician.
August 20 – Eduard Suess (died 1914 ), Austrian geologist .
October 6 – Richard Dedekind (died 1916 ), German mathematician.
October 15 – Isabella Bird (died 1904 ), English explorer, writer, photographer and naturalist.
October 21 – Hermann Hellriegel (died 1895 ), German agricultural chemist , discoverer of the mechanism by which leguminous plants assimilate the free nitrogen of the atmosphere.
October 29 – Othniel Charles Marsh (died 1899 ), American paleontologist .
^ Herapath, John (1831). "SAO/NASA ADS Astronomy Abstract Service" . Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society . 2 : 6. Bibcode :1831MNRAS...2....6H . Retrieved 2011-02-06 . ^ "A brief history of the RAS" . Royal Astronomical Society. Archived from the original on 30 January 2011. Retrieved 2011-02-06 .^ "History Of Dublin Zoo" . Family Fun . Retrieved 2011-12-20 .^ Hunt, Tristram (2004). Building Jerusalem: the rise and fall of the Victorian city . London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 0-297-60767-7 ^ Bishop, R.E.D. (1979). Vibration (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-22779-8 ^ "Icons, a portrait of England 1820-1840" . Archived from the original on 22 September 2007. Retrieved 2007-09-12 .^ Penguin Pocket On This Day . Penguin Reference Library. 2006. ISBN 0-14-102715-0 ^ Scientific writings of Joseph Henry Smithsonian Institution . 1886. p. 434.^ Clarke, Mike (2009-01-05). "A Brief History of Movable Bridges" . Retrieved 2012-02-09 . ^ Waterston, Charles D.; Shearer, A. Macmillan (July 2006). Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783-2002: Biographical Index (PDF) . Vol. 2. Royal Society of Edinburgh . p. 964. ISBN 978-0-902198-84-5 . Retrieved 2012-01-23 . ^ Palmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History . London: Century Ltd. pp. 257–258. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2 ^ "Copley Medal | British scientific award" . Encyclopedia Britannica . Retrieved 22 July 2020 .^ "Date of death on the decennial table, page 191" . archives.somme.fr (in French). Retrieved 5 March 2021 .
